The National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) has approved the 2025 NLRC Rules of Procedure, amending the 2011 rules to reduce delays and streamline the disposition of labor disputes nationwide.
The new rules, formalized through En Banc Resolution No. 09-25, aim to secure “just, expeditious and inexpensive resolution and settlement of labor disputes.”
The Commission said the revisions were made pursuant to its statutory mandate under the Labor Code to ensure “fair, speedy and equitable labor justice at the least possible cost.”
Adopted on December 1, 2025 and published on December 29, 2025, the new rules will govern all hearings and dispositions of cases before the NLRC and its regional arbitration branches starting January 13, 2026.
Appeals and finality of decisions
Under the new rules:
- decisions of Labor Arbiters become final and executory after 10 calendar days if not appealed; and
- appeals must be filed within 10 calendar days from receipt of the decision, or within five days in cases decided by DOLE Regional Directors under Article 129 of the Labor Code.
The rules also make clear that no motion for extension of time to appeal shall be entertained.
Appeal bonds
Where a monetary award is involved, employers appealing adverse decisions must post an appeal bond “equivalent to the total monetary award, exclusive of damages and attorney’s fees” in the form of a cash or surety bond. Motions to reduce bond will be allowed only on meritorious grounds and with the posting of a reasonable bond amount.
The rules further provide that appeal bonds remain liable even if the appeal is withdrawn or dismissed, allowing appellees to proceed against the bond to satisfy judgment awards.
Prohibited pleadings and motions
To avoid delays, the 2025 Rules enumerate pleadings that shall not be given due course, including:
- motions for new trial
- petitions for relief from judgment
- motions to declare respondents in default
- motions for reconsideration of decisions of Labor Arbiters
- appeals from interlocutory orders and execution-related orders
Execution, sanctions, and legal fees
The Commission may impose administrative fines ranging from ₱500 to ₱10,000 “to ensure compliance with decisions, orders or awards,” enforceable through writs of execution.
The rules also warn that failure to pay required legal fees may result in dismissal of actions or denial of pleadings, subject to exemptions provided by law.
Access to records and administrative functions
Parties and counsel are granted access to case records during office hours, subject to existing laws and NLRC policies, with unauthorized access potentially leading to administrative, civil, or criminal liability.
Officials, including the Chairperson, Commissioners, Labor Arbiters, the Executive Clerk and other authorized personnel, are empowered to administer oaths in connection with NLRC proceedings.
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